Crypto Wallet Seed Phrase Safety -Who Is Trying to Steal It?
Seed phrase storage — the right way vs the wrong way
The wrong storage method hands criminals complete, permanent access to your wallet
Never do this
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Photographing with your phone
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Saving in a notes or cloud app
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Typing it into any website
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Sharing with anyone — ever
Do this instead
Secured
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Written on paper — never digital
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Stored in a physical safe or lockbox
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Two copies in separate locations
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Never seen or shared with anyone
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The 12 words above are illustrative only and do not represent any real or valid seed phrase. Your actual seed phrase is generated uniquely by your wallet and must never be reproduced anywhere online.
Why Your Crypto Wallet Seed Phrase Is the Master Key
Investigative Guide | Jayen Consulting Research Team | Updated July 2026
Estimated reading time: 19 minutes
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Twelve Words. Your Entire Crypto Life.
When you set up a cryptocurrency wallet — whether it is MetaMask on your browser, a Ledger hardware device, Trust Wallet on your phone, or any of dozens of others — the software generates a sequence of words. Twelve words. Sometimes eighteen. Sometimes twenty-four. You are told to write them down. You are told to keep them somewhere safe. You are told, in one form or another, that these words are important.
What you may not have been told is precisely why they are so much more than important.
Your seed phrase is not a password. It is not a recovery backup. It is not a security key. It is the cryptographic representation of your wallet itself — the mathematical root from which every private key, every wallet address, and every asset associated with your wallet is derived. Anyone who has those words, in that order, does not need your password, your device, your fingerprint, or your permission. They can recreate your wallet, in full, from any device, anywhere in the world, at any time, and take everything in it.
Unlike a compromised password, a compromised seed phrase cannot be changed. The wallet cannot be locked. The attacker cannot be removed. The only protection is to move your assets to a new wallet before the attacker does — a race that is measured in seconds when the seed phrase is entered into automated wallet-draining software.
This article explains what seed phrase attacks look like in practice, how criminals extract them using techniques that are increasingly sophisticated, and what to do if you believe yours may have been exposed. It is written for people who use crypto — from beginners who set up their first wallet last month to experienced holders who want to audit their security practices.
Disclaimer: Jayen Consulting does not guarantee recovery of lost cryptocurrency. The information in this article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial or legal advice.
What Someone Can Do With Your Seed Phrase
Understanding the technical reality of seed phrase exposure is the foundation of protecting yourself. This is not a hypothetical risk — it is an immediate and total one.
Complete wallet recreation
A seed phrase encodes your wallet using a standardised derivation process (BIP-39/BIP-44 for most wallets). When entered into any compatible wallet application, it recreates the identical private keys for every address associated with that wallet. The attacker’s wallet and your wallet become the same wallet. Every asset in it is now accessible to both of you simultaneously.
Automated draining within seconds
Criminal operations that target seed phrases do not manually check wallets. They run automated software that, upon receiving a seed phrase, immediately imports the wallet, enumerates all assets across multiple blockchains, and executes drain transactions in a predetermined sequence — highest value assets first, then tokens, then NFTs. This process takes seconds to minutes. By the time most victims realise something is wrong, the funds are already in a different wallet.
No recovery mechanism
Unlike a credit card or a bank account, there is no institution to call. There is no chargeback. There is no “unauthorised transaction” dispute process. Cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible by design. Once funds leave a wallet, recovering them requires identifying the recipient, pursuing legal channels across potentially multiple international jurisdictions, and even then, recovery is rare.
Ongoing access until you act
An attacker with your seed phrase retains access to that wallet indefinitely — including any new assets you deposit into it after the breach. Some sophisticated attackers wait, monitoring a wallet for months before draining it, specifically to capture larger accumulated balances. Others set up automated “sweepers” that drain new deposits automatically.
For context on how cryptocurrency is laundered after theft, see our Cryptocurrency Laundering Trends investigation.
Seven Ways Criminals Extract Seed Phrases
Understanding the attack vectors is the practical protection. These are not theoretical — they are the patterns documented across thousands of reported cases.
Method 1 — Fake customer support on social platforms
This is the most common and most consistently successful method. A user posts on Twitter/X, Discord, Reddit, or Telegram about a problem with their wallet. Within minutes, accounts posing as official support for MetaMask, Ledger, Coinbase, Binance, or other platforms respond with offers to help.
The “support” agent directs the user to a fake support portal, a cloned website, or a Google Form asking them to “verify” their wallet by entering their seed phrase. The form submits directly to the attacker.
Key signal: Real customer support for cryptocurrency platforms does not operate through unsolicited DMs on social media. No legitimate platform DMs you first.
Method 2 — Phishing websites mimicking real wallet interfaces
Attackers build near-perfect copies of MetaMask, Trust Wallet, Ledger Live, Exodus, and other popular wallet interfaces. These sites are distributed through Google Ads (targeting searches like “MetaMask download” or “Ledger wallet setup”), malicious links in emails, and compromised social media accounts.
When a user visits the fake site and attempts to “connect” or “recover” their wallet, they are presented with a seed phrase input field — framed as a standard verification step. The phrase is captured and the attacker’s software begins the drain immediately.
Key signal: Always navigate to wallet software through official, bookmarked URLs. Never click wallet-related links from emails, DMs, or Google Ads.
Method 3 — Malicious wallet apps on legitimate app stores
Despite app store review processes, malicious wallet apps have appeared repeatedly on both the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. They mimic popular wallet brands with similar names, icons, and interfaces. When a user “sets up” or “imports” a wallet using these apps, any seed phrase entered is transmitted to the attacker.
Key signal: Verify developer names, review counts, and publication dates before downloading any wallet app. The official MetaMask app has millions of downloads; a recently published imitation with 50 reviews should be treated with immediate suspicion.
Method 4 — “Seed phrase verification” or “wallet sync” scams
Victims of other crypto scams — particularly investment fraud and pig butchering — are frequently told that to “recover” their lost funds or “unlock” a withdrawal, they must provide their seed phrase for “wallet synchronisation” or “verification.” This is always false. There is no legitimate technical process that requires a seed phrase for synchronisation, verification, or recovery.
Key signal: Any request for a seed phrase in the context of recovering lost funds or unlocking a withdrawal is a secondary scam. This applies even if the requestor already has detailed knowledge of your prior transactions.
Method 5 — Compromised hardware wallet replacement scams
Attackers mail physical devices — often branded to resemble Ledger or Trezor hardware wallets — with instructions claiming the recipient’s existing device has been “compromised” and must be replaced. The replacement device is pre-loaded with a seed phrase controlled by the attacker. When the victim “sets up” the device using the included phrase and transfers their assets, the attacker drains them immediately.
Key signal: Hardware wallet manufacturers do not mail unsolicited replacement devices. If a device arrives unexpectedly, do not use it. Never use a seed phrase provided by anyone other than your own device during your own setup.
Method 6 — Screen sharing “technical support”
A scammer, posing as a crypto exchange representative or wallet technical support agent, convinces a user to share their screen using AnyDesk, TeamViewer, or similar tools to “diagnose” a wallet issue. During the session, the scammer instructs the user to navigate to their wallet settings and “read out” or display the seed phrase for “verification.” Alternatively, they watch as the user accesses the phrase themselves and copy it during the shared session.
Key signal: No wallet or exchange technical support requires screen sharing to access or verify your seed phrase. If a support agent asks to see your screen while viewing wallet settings, end the session immediately.
Method 7 — Airdrop, NFT, and DeFi interaction scams
Users are invited to claim a “free” airdrop, an NFT, or a DeFi reward. The claim process directs them to a malicious website that presents a wallet connection interface. At some point during the process — often framed as a “gas fee approval” or “wallet verification” — the user is asked to enter their seed phrase. The phrase is captured without the airdrop or reward ever being delivered.
Key signal: Claiming legitimate airdrops and rewards never requires entering a seed phrase. Connecting a wallet via WalletConnect or MetaMask pop-up is standard; typing a seed phrase into any website field is never legitimate.
For a detailed breakdown of how fraudulent platforms are technically constructed, see our Fake Broker Infrastructure guide — the same techniques apply to fake wallet and DeFi platforms.
Suspect your seed phrase has been exposed?
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What No Legitimate Platform Ever Asks For
This section is the single most important practical reference in this article. Print it, screenshot it, share it.
MetaMask does not ask for your seed phrase via support DMs, emails, pop-ups, or any interface outside of its own extension during initial setup or deliberate wallet import. MetaMask support does not operate through unsolicited direct messages.
Ledger does not send unsolicited emails asking you to verify your seed phrase. Ledger does not contact customers by phone to verify recovery phrases. Ledger does not mail replacement devices containing pre-set seed phrases. Their Customer Success team does not request seed phrases through any channel.
Trezor does not ask for seed phrases through their support channels. Trezor Suite never asks for a full 12, 18, or 24-word phrase in any normal operation screen.
Trust Wallet does not ask for seed phrases via DMs, social media, or third-party support portals. Their in-app support function does not involve seed phrase entry.
Coinbase — while primarily a custodial exchange rather than a self-custody wallet — does not ask for the seed phrases of external wallets as part of account verification, KYC, or support processes.
Binance, Kraken, Crypto.com, and all major regulated exchanges hold custody of assets for custodial accounts. For any integrated non-custodial wallet features, seed phrase requests through support channels are never legitimate.
No DeFi protocol requires seed phrase entry to claim rewards, approve transactions, or resolve technical issues. Transaction approvals happen via wallet pop-ups, not seed phrase fields.
No legitimate airdrop requires a seed phrase. Airdrops are distributed to wallet addresses. The wallet address is your public identifier — not your seed phrase.
The universal rule is absolute: your seed phrase should only ever be entered when you are deliberately restoring a wallet you own onto a new device, using that wallet’s official software, in a process you initiated yourself. Every other context is either a mistake or a scam.
Platform-Specific Red Flags
MetaMask
- Pop-ups outside the browser extension asking for your seed phrase
- “MetaMask support” accounts on Twitter/X, Discord, or Telegram with blue check marks (check marks can be purchased)
- Websites with URLs like
metamask-support.com,metamask-help.net, or similar — the only official site ismetamask.io - Requests to “verify” your wallet using a Google Form, Typeform, or any third-party form
Ledger hardware wallets
- Emails from addresses other than
@ledger.comclaiming your device has been compromised - Physical mail arriving with a “replacement” Ledger device
- Customer support calls claiming to be from Ledger (Ledger does not initiate phone calls)
- Requests to enter your 24-word phrase into any screen of the Ledger Live application outside of the deliberate “Restore” function
Trust Wallet
- App Store listings for “Trust Wallet” from developers other than Six Days LLC (the legitimate developer)
- In-app prompts asking for seed phrase entry outside of the initial import/setup flow
- “Trust Wallet support” DMs on any platform
Coinbase Wallet (self-custody)
- Requests to enter your 12-word recovery phrase into any Coinbase web interface (Coinbase.com does not have a seed phrase field)
- Support agents requesting your recovery phrase to “link” your self-custody wallet to your Coinbase account
For broader guidance on identifying fraudulent cryptocurrency operations, our Digital Safety Guide: Crypto Defense covers the full spectrum of crypto-specific threats.
The Seed Phrase Security Protocol
This is a practical framework for protecting your seed phrase — applicable whether you are setting up a new wallet today or auditing security practices for an existing one.
Storage rules
Write it on paper. Keep paper copies only. Digital storage of seed phrases — in a notes app, a photo, a cloud document, an email draft, a password manager — creates exposure vectors that paper does not. Each digital storage location is a potential breach point.
Store in multiple physical locations. A single paper copy in one location creates a single point of failure (fire, flood, theft). Two copies in two separate locations (a home safe and a safe deposit box, for example) provides redundancy without significant additional risk.
Consider metal backup for long-term storage. Cryptosteel, Bilodrom, and similar products allow seed phrases to be stamped or engraved onto metal plates that are fire-resistant and waterproof. For significant holdings, this is worth considering.
Never photograph your seed phrase. Photos sync to cloud services by default on most phones. A photo of your seed phrase on Google Photos, iCloud, or any cloud service is a catastrophic security failure.
Behavioural rules
Never type your seed phrase into any website, ever. The only input field that should ever receive your seed phrase is the import/restore function within official, locally-installed wallet software. Not a website. Not a browser tab. Not a form.
Never share your seed phrase with any person, for any reason. Legitimate customer support, technical teams, family members helping you with crypto, and financial advisors have no need for your seed phrase and no ability to help you more effectively by having it.
Never enter your seed phrase while someone is watching or sharing your screen. This applies to screensharing software, shoulder surfing in public, and security camera coverage of your workspace.
Verify every URL before entering anything wallet-related. Check for HTTPS, check the exact domain spelling, use bookmarks for regularly visited wallet interfaces, and avoid clicking wallet-related links from any email or message.
Hardware wallet best practices
Buy hardware wallets only from official manufacturer websites or authorised retailers. Never purchase from eBay, Amazon third-party sellers, or second-hand markets. A pre-owned hardware wallet may have a compromised chip or a pre-set seed phrase controlled by the seller.
Generate your seed phrase on the device during initial setup. Never use a seed phrase provided by the seller, included in the box on a card, or sent to you digitally before you receive the device.
Verify device integrity on first use. Both Ledger and Trezor provide official guides for verifying device authenticity before use.
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Both sets of rules are essential — one protects where you keep your phrase, the other protects how you interact with it
For a complete tool set for assessing crypto security and tracing compromised funds, see our Digital Safety Guide: Trace Tools.
Emergency: If Your Seed Phrase Has Been Compromised
This section is for people who believe their seed phrase has already been exposed — either by sharing it with someone, entering it on a suspicious site, or discovering it may have been seen.
Speed is the only factor that determines whether you lose your funds. If the attacker’s automated systems have not yet processed your phrase, moving funds first is possible. If they have, funds will be gone before you finish reading this section. Act before doing anything else.
Step 1 — Create a new wallet immediately
On a clean device (ideally one that has not been used for any crypto activity), install official wallet software. Generate a completely new seed phrase. Write it down and secure it before proceeding.
Do not use any device that may have been part of the compromise (the device on which you entered the phrase on a suspicious site, or any device connected to a network you believe was compromised).
Step 2 — Transfer ALL assets to the new wallet address
Transfer everything from the compromised wallet to the new wallet’s address — in order of value:
- Native currency first (ETH, BTC, BNB, etc.) — you need this to pay gas fees
- High-value tokens
- Remaining tokens
- NFTs
Note: If automated sweeper software is already monitoring the wallet, any native currency you send in to cover gas fees may be swept before you can use it. In this case, you may need to use a different wallet to pay gas on your behalf (using “gas station” protocols available on some chains).
Step 3 — Do not continue using the compromised wallet
Once assets have been moved, abandon the old wallet entirely. Do not transfer new assets into it. Do not use it for any purpose. The attacker retains access indefinitely.
Step 4 — Document everything
Note the time you believe the exposure occurred, the platform or context involved, your wallet addresses, the transaction hashes of any unauthorised transfers, and all communications with any party who may have been involved. This is essential for any reporting or legal process.
Step 5 — Report
- FBI IC3 — ic3.gov: For cryptocurrency theft involving US victims or US-based platforms
- FTC — ReportFraud.ftc.gov: Consumer fraud reporting; select “crypto scam”
- Action Fraud (UK) — actionfraud.police.uk: For UK victims
- Your country’s financial regulator: If the theft involved a regulated exchange or platform
- The platform directly: MetaMask, Ledger, Coinbase, and major exchanges all have fraud reporting channels; they cannot reverse transactions but can flag associated addresses
You can also report through our Report a Scam page, which helps route your documentation to the appropriate channels.
For guidance on collecting and presenting evidence in a format useful for law enforcement, see our Evidence for a Scam Investigation: Full Guide.
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Three Scenarios: What It Actually Looked Like
Scenario A — The Discord Support Agent
A user holding approximately $14,000 in ETH posted in a MetaMask Discord server about a transaction that appeared stuck. Within four minutes, an account with the username "MetaMask_Support_Alex" — displaying MetaMask's logo as a profile picture — responded with a direct message offering to help.
The agent sent a link to what appeared to be the official MetaMask support portal. The site asked the user to "sync" their wallet by entering their recovery phrase to allow the support team to "diagnose the transaction." The user entered the phrase. Within ninety seconds, all ETH in the wallet was transferred to an address controlled by the attacker.
MetaMask has no "support portal" that accepts seed phrases. No legitimate MetaMask support is provided through unsolicited Discord DMs.
Scenario B — The Google Ad Trap
A user searching "MetaMask download" on Google clicked a sponsored advertisement appearing above the organic results. The URL was metamask-wallet-extension.com — visually similar to the real metamask.io. The site's interface was an exact copy of the legitimate MetaMask setup page.
During the "setup" process, the site presented a screen titled "Import Existing Wallet" and requested the user's seed phrase to "connect" their existing wallet. The phrase was submitted. The user's wallet — containing $6,800 in various tokens — was drained within minutes.
The legitimate MetaMask extension is only available through the Chrome Web Store (for Chrome), Firefox Add-ons, or directly from metamask.io. It never requests a seed phrase through a web page during setup.
Scenario C — The "Recovery" Double Scam
A victim of an investment platform scam — having already lost $35,000 — was approached by a "blockchain recovery specialist" who claimed they could trace and retrieve her funds. As part of the "recovery process," the specialist explained that her funds had been moved to a specific wallet and that to "transfer ownership" back to her, she needed to provide the seed phrase of her receiving wallet.
She provided the seed phrase to her secondary wallet, which contained $4,200 in stablecoins she had kept separate from the initial scam. The recovery specialist drained it immediately and disappeared.
This is documented in detail in our guide on why recovery scams follow the original fraud — and why seed phrases are specifically targeted in the secondary attack.
How Jayen Consulting Can Help
Seed phrase compromise cases present specific challenges:
- Blockchain transactions are immutable — standard dispute and chargeback processes do not apply
- The attacker's wallet addresses are visible on the blockchain but typically belong to mixers, cross-chain bridges, or exchange deposit addresses that require legal process to de-anonymise
- The speed of theft often means evidence must be captured immediately before addresses become difficult to trace
- Victims frequently face secondary scams — recovery services claiming to be able to "reverse" blockchain transactions or "hack back" stolen wallets, which is not possible through any legitimate means
What we offer:
- Wallet and transaction documentation: Helping you assemble the blockchain evidence — transaction hashes, wallet addresses, timestamps — in the format required for law enforcement reports and any legal proceedings
- Exchange reporting support: Guiding you through reporting to exchanges where stolen funds may have been deposited, including the specific information those exchanges require to flag addresses
- Regulatory reporting guidance: Identifying which agencies and regulators to report to based on the specifics of your case and jurisdiction
- Evidence assessment: Evaluating what the on-chain evidence shows and what realistic options exist
- Referrals: Connecting you with licensed attorneys and blockchain forensics firms where the case warrants specialist professional involvement
What we do not offer: We cannot reverse blockchain transactions, access other parties' wallets, or guarantee any form of financial recovery. Any service claiming these capabilities should be treated as a secondary scam risk.
Review our complete service description at Our Services.
Want to understand your situation and options clearly?
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Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can I change my seed phrase if I think it has been compromised?
No. A seed phrase is mathematically derived from your private key at the point of wallet creation. It cannot be changed retroactively. If your seed phrase has been compromised, the only course of action is to create an entirely new wallet with a new seed phrase and transfer all assets to the new wallet's address before the attacker can drain them.
Q2: What if I entered my seed phrase on a site but nothing has happened yet — am I safe?
Not necessarily. Some attackers use automated systems that drain immediately; others monitor wallets and wait for a larger balance to accumulate. If you entered your seed phrase anywhere other than your own wallet's official restore function, treat the wallet as compromised regardless of current balance. Transfer all assets to a new wallet immediately.
Q3: Is it safe to store my seed phrase in a password manager?
This is debated among security professionals. A reputable password manager (1Password, Bitwarden, etc.) with strong encryption is considerably safer than a plain text document. However, password managers are software and therefore have breach surfaces that paper does not. For very significant holdings, physical storage in a secure location is the recommended baseline. For modest holdings, a reputable password manager is broadly considered acceptable by many security practitioners.
Q4: The "support agent" already has my seed phrase. Can I lock them out by changing my password?
No. Your wallet password protects local access to the wallet application on your device. It has no effect on someone who has your seed phrase, because they do not need your device or your password — they can import the wallet independently. Change your assets' location, not your password.
Q5: I bought a Ledger from Amazon. Is it safe to use?
Ledger recommends purchasing only through their official website or authorised retailers listed on their site. Third-party Amazon sellers — including fulfilled-by-Amazon listings — cannot be verified to the same standard. The critical check: when you initialise the device, it should generate a new seed phrase itself. If the device arrives with a seed phrase pre-written on a card in the box, do not use that phrase — it may be controlled by the seller. Return the device and purchase directly from the manufacturer.
Q6: Can blockchain forensics trace where my stolen crypto went?
Sometimes, and to varying degrees. Blockchain transactions are publicly visible, so the path of funds can often be followed across wallets. The challenges are: mixing services that deliberately obscure the trail, cross-chain bridges that make funds harder to follow across different blockchains, and exchange deposit addresses where legal process is required to identify the account holder. Firms like Chainalysis, Elliptic, and TRM Labs do this professionally for law enforcement — direct consumer engagement is less common and typically expensive.
Q7: Someone claiming to be from Ledger called me and said my device was compromised. What do I do?
End the call. Ledger does not initiate calls to customers. This is a scam. Do not provide any information, do not follow any instructions, and do not enter your seed phrase anywhere. If you are concerned about your device's actual integrity, contact Ledger directly through ledger.com — not through any number or URL provided b the caller.
Q8: I accidentally sent my seed phrase in a Discord DM. How long do I have?
Potentially seconds. Automated wallet-monitoring bots can detect and drain wallets within minutes of seed phrase receipt. Transfer all assets to a new wallet address immediately — before reading anything else, before reporting, before doing anything else. Speed is the only variable you can influence at this point.
Q9: Is a 24-word seed phrase more secure than a 12-word one?
Both are cryptographically secure against brute-force attacks with current technology. A 12-word seed phrase from the BIP-39 wordlist provides 128 bits of entropy; 24 words provides 256 bits. In practice, neither is crackable by brute force — the risk is not someone guessing your phrase but someone obtaining it through the social engineering and phishing methods described in this article.
Q10: My crypto is on Coinbase — do I have a seed phrase to worry about?
Coinbase as a custodial exchange holds your crypto on your behalf. You do not have a seed phrase for a custodial Coinbase account because Coinbase holds the private keys, not you. If you use Coinbase Wallet (their self-custody product), that does generate a seed phrase — and the protections in this article apply fully. The distinction between custodial (exchange holds keys) and non-custodial (you hold keys via seed phrase) is fundamental to understanding where the responsibility lies.
Conclusion: The Twelve Words That Cannot Be Unshared
Your seed phrase is the only piece of information that gives complete, irrevocable access to your cryptocurrency. It cannot be changed. Exposure cannot be undone. The only response to compromise is to move your assets faster than the attacker.
The methods criminals use to extract seed phrases are social in nature — built on urgency, authority, technical-sounding language, and manufactured legitimacy. Every attack vector in this article can be defeated by a single rule, applied consistently: your seed phrase only ever goes into your own wallet software, during a recovery process you initiated, on a device you control.
If you are reading this because something has already happened — because you entered your phrase somewhere you now regret, or because your wallet balance has changed without your action — the steps in the emergency section above are your immediate priority.
If you are reading this to protect yourself before anything happens, the security protocol above gives you everything you need.
And if you want a structured conversation about your specific situation — your wallet setup, a suspicious contact you received, or a breach that has already occurred — we are here.
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Your seed phrase. Your responsibility. Our support.
Whether you need to secure your wallet, assess a breach, or document a theft — one honest conversation is the starting point.
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Jayen Consulting does not guarantee the recovery of lost cryptocurrency or other digital assets. The information in this article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or technical advice. If you have been the victim of cryptocurrency fraud, consult a licensed attorney and notify your local law enforcement agency.
How We Researched This Article
This article was produced by the Jayen Consulting Research Team drawing on:
- FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) annual Internet Crime Reports, with specific reference to cryptocurrency theft and social engineering categories
- Published consumer alerts from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on cryptocurrency-related fraud
- Official security advisories from Ledger, Trezor, MetaMask, and Trust Wallet regarding seed phrase phishing attacks
- Blockchain forensics methodology documentation from Chainalysis, Elliptic, and TRM Labs (publicly available reports and white papers)
- Published BIP-39 and BIP-44 technical documentation for seed phrase derivation standards
- Documented case patterns from victim advocacy communities and cryptocurrency security research groups
- Review of malicious wallet application cases documented by Apple App Store and Google Play Store security teams in published transparency reports
- Consultation with licensed attorneys who specialise in cryptocurrency fraud litigation
